Diabetes may lead to poor circulation and reduced feeling in the feet.
Reduced mobility in older people and failing eyesight can lead to a reduction in the level of foot inspection. This may mean that damage has become more serious before anyone is aware of it.
Damage can be prevented, but care is needed by the person with diabetes, their carers and healthcare teams.
Follow the steps listed below to help to prevent or detect foot problems.
- Check feet daily, including in between toes and look for thickened hard skin, changes in colour and breaks in the skin. A mirror may help to view the sole of the foot.
- Wash feet each day in warm water and with a mild soap – check the water temperature, as the person with diabetes may not be able to feel hot or cold temperatures. Dry feet carefully, especially between the toes.
- If the skin is dry, apply an emollient or moisturising cream but avoid the areas between the toes.
- Do not use over the counter products to treat corns and callous.
- Avoid using a hot water bottle in case you have reduced sensation – bed socks are better.
- Make sure that socks and shoes are not too tight.
- Wear shoes which are comfortable and broad fitting, always check inside for stones, sharp objects or ruffled lining
- Avoid socks or stockings with wrinkles, prominent seams or darned areas. Elastic tops should be avoided as they may restrict circulation.
- Keep blood glucose, blood pressure and blood fat levels as near normal as possible.
- Keep any appointments with the podiatrist (chiropodist).
Act immediately if you spot the following danger signs and seek immediate medical advice:
- Swelling,
- Changes in colour of the skin
- Sores or cuts that do not heal
- Skin that feels hot to touch
- Difficulty in moving the foot
These could indicate poor circulation, an infection, the early stages of an ulcer or gangrene.
People with diabetes are more likely to be admitted to hospital with a foot ulcer than with any other complications of diabetes.
Reviewed March 2010
Next review September 2011